Ankle injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal issues people experience, particularly those involved in sports or physically demanding activities. While a single sprain may not seem like a major issue, repeated ankle injuries can lead to a condition known as chronic ankle instability (CAI). If left untreated, this condition can severely impact mobility, balance, and overall quality of life.
At Pearl Foot and Ankle, we specialize in diagnosing and treating chronic ankle instability, helping patients regain strength, stability, and confidence in their movements. In this blog, we’ll discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for chronic ankle instability and answer common questions about this condition.
What is Chronic Ankle Instability?
Chronic ankle instability is a condition where the ankle frequently gives out, particularly when walking on uneven surfaces, running, or making quick movements. It is typically a result of repeated ankle sprains that lead to weakened ligaments and impaired balance.
This condition is common in athletes but can affect anyone who has sustained multiple ankle injuries or has underlying structural weaknesses in the ankle joint.
Causes of Chronic Ankle Instability
The primary cause of chronic ankle instability is repeated ankle sprains that were not treated properly or did not heal fully. Other contributing factors include:
- Ligament damage – Over time, repeated sprains stretch and weaken the ligaments that support the ankle, making them less effective at stabilizing the joint.
- Muscle weakness – Insufficient strength in the muscles surrounding the ankle can increase the risk of instability.
- Poor proprioception – The body’s ability to sense joint position and movement can be impaired after multiple sprains, making it harder to maintain balance.
- Scar tissue formation – The healing process after an ankle injury can lead to scar tissue buildup, which may affect joint mobility and function.
- Structural abnormalities – Some individuals have naturally looser ligaments or misaligned joints that contribute to ankle instability.
Symptoms of Chronic Ankle Instability
People with chronic ankle instability often experience the following symptoms:
✔️ Repeated episodes of the ankle giving way, especially on uneven surfaces or during physical activity
✔️ Persistent pain or tenderness in the ankle
✔️ Swelling and stiffness in the affected ankle
✔️ A feeling of weakness or instability in the ankle joint
✔️ Reduced range of motion in the ankle
✔️ Difficulty performing activities that involve quick changes in direction or pivoting
If you’re experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s essential to seek professional care to prevent further injury and long-term complications.
Treatment Options for Chronic Ankle Instability
The right treatment for chronic ankle instability depends on the severity of the condition. At Pearl Foot and Ankle, we offer a range of treatments to help patients regain stability and strength.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
- Physical Therapy (PT)
- Strengthening exercises to improve muscle support around the ankle
- Balance and proprioception training to enhance stability
- Stretching exercises to maintain flexibility
- Bracing and Support
- Ankle braces or taping techniques can provide external support, reducing the risk of further sprains.
- Medication and Injections
- Anti-inflammatory medications can help reduce pain and swelling.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy or corticosteroid injections may be used for pain management and tissue healing.
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Wearing proper footwear with ankle support
- Avoiding high-impact activities until strength and stability are regained
- Implementing a personalized rehabilitation plan
Surgical Treatment for Chronic Ankle Instability
If conservative treatments do not provide relief, surgery may be recommended. The most common surgical options include:
- Ankle Ligament Repair (Broström Procedure) – The damaged ligaments are tightened or reconstructed to restore stability.
- Tendon Grafting – If the ligaments are severely damaged, a tendon from another part of the body may be used to reinforce the ankle.
- Arthroscopy – Minimally invasive surgery to remove loose cartilage, scar tissue, or bone spurs that may be contributing to instability.
Surgery is typically followed by a structured rehabilitation program to restore full function and prevent future instability.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: How do I know if I have chronic ankle instability?
If you frequently experience ankle sprains, pain, or a sensation of your ankle “giving out,” you may have chronic ankle instability. A podiatrist can perform tests and imaging to confirm the diagnosis.
Q: Can chronic ankle instability heal on its own?
Without proper treatment, chronic ankle instability is unlikely to improve on its own. Strengthening exercises, physical therapy, and bracing can help, but severe cases may require medical intervention.
Q: How long does it take to recover from chronic ankle instability?
Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment approach. Non-surgical treatment may take several months, while surgical recovery can take 4–6 months with rehabilitation.
Q: What happens if I ignore chronic ankle instability?
Ignoring chronic ankle instability increases the risk of further injuries, cartilage damage, and early arthritis. Seeking treatment can prevent long-term complications.
Q: Can I still play sports with chronic ankle instability?
Yes, but precautions should be taken. Strength training, balance exercises, and bracing can help prevent further injuries. If instability persists, consult a podiatrist for a tailored treatment plan.
Q: When should I see a doctor for ankle instability?
If you’ve had multiple ankle sprains, persistent pain, or difficulty with stability, it’s best to see a podiatrist. Early intervention can prevent further complications.
Schedule an Appointment at Pearl Foot and Ankle
If you’re experiencing symptoms of chronic ankle instability, our experienced podiatrists at Pearl Foot and Ankle can provide expert diagnosis and personalized treatment to help you regain stability and confidence in your movement.
📍 Locations & Contact Information
Portland Office
📍 1827 NE 44th Ave, Suite 100, Portland, OR 97213
📞 (503) 284-2000 | 📠 (503) 284-2002
Gresham Office
📍 2850 SE Powell Valley Rd, Suite 104, Gresham, OR 97080
📞 (503) 284-2000 | 📠 (503) 676-6152
Beaverton Office
📍 12672 NW Barnes Rd, #100, Portland, OR 97229
📞 (503) 284-2000 | 📠 (971) 228-8377
Don’t let chronic ankle instability hold you back—schedule your appointment today and take the first step toward a stronger, more stable future!